口语第一题：

NO.1                                    

 If your friend is dropping out of the college, do you think is a good thing?  

 

NO.2

描述一个你送给朋友的礼物

 

NO.3

Which of the following activities would you do with friends rather than alone？Taking a walk，watching a movie or traveling?

 

NO.4

版本一：Talk about what you like to do during spare time. Give specific reasons and details in your explanation.              

版本二：Your friend has a bad eating habit. What suggestions would you like to give the friend?

 

NO.5

Describe your favorable place to study

 

NO.6

Which technology has made the greatest impact on people’s life in your country? Airplane，computer or television. Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.       

 

NO.7

有仨选项，问你选哪个：1.有体育技能 2.语言技能 3.艺术技能　　

 

NO.8

What is the most important quality the teacher should have? 你认为作为老师最重要的是需要什么品质？

 

NO.9

Describe a time when you learned a new subject. Steps

 

NO.10

Describe why organizing time is challenging for university students and why it is important?

                                            

NO.11

Your favorite place in the city. 

 

NO.12

Every day people talk about environment protection. Name one thing that we can do to save our world.

 

 

口语第二题：

NO.1

Some people prefer to have a tight schedule while others prefer to have some free time in their schedule. Which one do you prefer and why?

 

NO.2

你比较喜欢job with communication ,还是不喜欢个人打交道的工作

 

NO.3

你选哪个live in a residence with strict rules还residence without strict rules

 

NO.4

喜欢job with different tasks还是the same task everyday

 

NO.5

Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

 

NO.6

Agree or disagree students should do part-time job before attending college.

 

 

NO.7

Would you like to make friends with the same interests or the one with different interests? 你同不同意找朋友要选择有相同的爱好的人？

 

NO.8

Agree or disagree：students should do part-time job before attending college.

 

NO.9

When you have problems, you will ask advisor for help or search it through internet or library.  

                                            

NO.10

Here are two jobs with equal amount of time and pay. One you need to work with other employees in a group and the other requires you to work individually. Which do you prefer?

                                            

NO.11

Agree or disagree: Power and money is the definition of success for a person.

 

NO.12

Dis/agree having a relaxed or unhurried life most important for a person.

 

                                              

口语第三题：

NO.1

reading，是一个人提出的意见：食堂里不应该放电视，　应该是朋友真正对话的时间等    

  listening，　M：要安静有安静的地方，读书有图书馆，而且大学里的都已经是成年人了．很成熟这些问题可以自己解决，不该是学校的问题．F： 说的好

 

NO.2

【学生写信】：

学生写信建议学校更改举办graduation ceremony的地点，从礼堂改到lawn。

好处1：beautiful environment and fresh air;

好处2：礼堂的座位太少，室外空间大，看的人多。

【学生态度】：男生表示反对。

理由1：人们一般不关注室外风景，而是把注意力放在stage上；

理由2：礼堂的空间是够的，室内有摄像，家长可以通过电视观看，不用邀请很多人去室内。

Question：Explain the man’s opinion and why he holds that opinion.

 

NO.3

Reading part Listening part 
【学校通知】： 
化学专业top student应该拿奖学金： 
1. 可以让学生们更好学习； 
2. 对学院获得的钱可以很好利用。 【学生态度】：The man holds a negative idea. 
1. 系里已经给优秀生certificate了，enough了； 
2. 可以花那笔资金完善设备，造福所有chemistry students。  
  Question：Explain the man’s opinion and why he holds that opinion.  

 

NO.4

学校报纸上有个建议将在校生和alumni联系，讨论career和activities，女学生对话里说，她认为学生现在很忙，没有时间拜访，而且学生已经有学校家长给他们建议了，太多的建议只会更加confusing

 

NO.5

阅读，两种方法提高读者数量，降价和送货上门。 听力， 女学生不同意， 1价格已经很便宜了50分， 价格没什么影响。2 没有那么多工作人员，没有人力和车

 

NO.6

阅读:学校要展开环境保护项目，提高学生的环保意识，现在的环境专业在读学生才能参加

听力:男学生不同意

理由一：现在大部分学生的环保意识已经非常强烈，出门都会关灯，不存在告示里说的环保意识薄弱的现象，学校的样本数据太小

理由二：项目应该向全体学生成员开放，特别是项目还要提供相关方面的培训

 

NO.7

Reading:Proposal:The lounge in the dorm should be changed into study room.              Reason 1:People can go there to study.                    

Reason 2:The study room should be eqipped with computers.                  Listening:The man agrees.            

Reason 1:It's too noisy in the lounge because people watch TV there,and the dorm rooms can be noisy too because the roommate is always on the phone or listening to music,and they have nowhere to study.              

Reason 2: Computers make it so much more conveninent to study,because not everyone has a computer, sometimes they have to go to the library to use the computers there and the library is closed when it's too late.

 

NO.8

letter:建议学校在computer lab增加sign-up sheet，因为现在用电脑完成paper要等很长时间，预约可以提高效率

   女生不同意：如果规定用电脑的时间，inconvenient and low efficiency;另外，time slot学生们换来换去，Loud noise

 

版本二：

电脑室人太多，于是学生建议每个学生只能用1个小时，而且要提前预先。女生不同意，因为1）1个小时根本不够完成作业，时间到了以后，学生以后还得再来一次；

2）不能减少噪音问题，因为以前大家是在外面等，噪音也在外面，但是现在噪音在里面了，因为有时候预约的同学迟到了，下一个同学就上了，预约的同学来了，他们两就会吵起来。

 

NO.9

【学校通知】：the university is considering moving the student theater center from campus to the nearby downtown。

好处1、downtown theater has a larger space，and it can contain more audiences。好处2、the new theater will have better technical facilities，so that students can get better light and sound while they are appreciating performances。

【学生态度】：男生反对此计划。

理由1. audiences in the downtown theater are mainly students。It is quite inconvenient for them to drive for 20 min to get there to see performances，so few of them would like to go to the new theater。

理由2、the facilities in school theater are quite basic and easy to operate。However, students are not professional and well-trained, and the facilities in downtown theater will be too complex for students to operate。So, students might end up with worse lights and sounds than what they have now。So, better facilities are not necessary。

       

版本二：

现象是：the university is considering about moving the students performance theater off the campus to downtown area for more audiences and better facilities.

态度：The man does not support the idea. 原因是：He gives tow reasons. The first reason is that their audiences are mainly students. It is quite inconvenient for students to go to downtown to see the performance. Secondly, the students in the man’s department are not professionals and well-trained. The facilities in downtown theatre are too complex for them to operate. And the facilities in school theatre are quite basic and easy. So he worries that the performance might not even be as good as in the school theatre.

 

NO.10

学校准备把一些学生作品贴到dormitory的墙上，利用extra space，而且很多art work都没有利用。女生很同意，她说她们很多作品没有机会展示，都浪费啦。而且对所有人都很好，因为大家可以欣赏艺术。　

 

NO.11

reading部分： 学生提议 increase time between classes from 10m to 20m.因为：一、学生10分钟换教室来不及。二、原先10分钟，有问题请教pro。 时间不够。

L：男生反对 To begin with .10m is enough for students to go to different classes, even if you arrive later, the professor will be understanding and fill what you have missed for u secondly. professor has regular hours for students to ask questions and can send emails。

 

NO.12

proposal of adding seats in the Andreson Theater

要求概括这个proposal以及一个女生的反对。

A.seats不够，很多show是学生们想去但买不了票的-反对：只有少数是这样，大部分show都有位子，所以没需要加seats

B.学校能通过更多位子卖更多票增加收入-反对：收入个毛，这是big investment, construction cost a lot, 而且take years去收回老本。

 

 

 

口语第四题：

NO.1

General的观点，human behavior是consists of a serial of simple behavior。有一种方法叫chaining，教授给个例子，他给她女儿教的洗手动作分解：1.开水龙头， 2.把手伸出来，3.打肥皂，4.把手收回，5.关水龙头。然后他女儿就会洗手了。

 

NO.2

natural consequence 阅读讲的小孩做错事，大人口语不用惩罚，由着做错事的结果来惩罚孩子。 听力，教授给了个例子，教授5岁的女儿经常把玩具放在后院，平常教授都帮女儿收拾。 一天女儿还是把玩具放在后院，教授没有帮收拾，那天晚上下雨，把她的玩具损坏了，女儿在这件事后认识到自己的错，以后再也不帮玩具放后院了。    

 

NO.3

Definition:Latent demand means that potential customers needs can be identified by the companies thus better meet the needs of the customers.              Examples:People used large steros to listen to music at the beginning,later smaller steros appeared and people started bringing them to ourdoors to listen to music.Some companies sensed this latent demand,and they figured that isn't it great if people could listen to music in public but privately instead of playing it out loud?So they made tiny steros with ear buds,and it was a huge success and there was no competition back then.

 

NO.4

Reading part Listening part

【课文要点】：

personality attribution error:

人们总会把错误归结为personality上面，而忽略了一些客观的外部条件。 【教授举例】：

教授（男）用自己的例子做了解释。一次他参加一个会议，迟到了十分钟，他很安静的进入会场，没打扰到其他人。在会中教授向演讲者（女）问了一个问题，但是她并没有搭理教授，而且看着有些生气。教授后来了解了情况才意识到，女演讲者在会议开始就说了今天时间紧张，让大家不要提问，下次开会的时候再提问。而女演讲者以为教授故意忽略了她一开始做的说明，她并不知道教授迟到了，没听到她做那个说明。

Question: 用听力的例子来解释对这个概念的理解。

 

 

NO.5

stimulus discrimination 例子说seal海豹听声音来决定keep on eating还是leave，predator和harmless的情况声音不同。

 

 

NO.6

interest boosting:

学生一旦对某个话题感到无聊，他们的学习效率就会大大降低。这种新的方式建议老师将授课内容和学生感兴趣的事物联系起来，这样学生会更容易理解并且主动学习。 【教授举例】：教授用了他夫人的经历来诠释这种方法的有效性。他的妻子是物理老师，一次在传授学生关于居里夫人Marie Curie的知识时，发现很多学生都感到很无聊。于是她借了关于居里夫人的电影，因为她知道学生对电影非常感兴趣，而且很多学生喜欢的演员也参加了表演。第二天电影放映之后，学生们非常喜欢，反响热烈，能投入到讨论中，甚至有些人决定把居里夫人作为自己的research topic。

Question: 用听力的例子来解释对这个概念的理解。

 

NO.7

internal competition

reading passage:

companies have some successful products 占据市场；但它们会introduce new products, 于是consumers 不买旧的买这个公司新的了。所以internal competition 意味着同个公司内部new products 抢了established products的profits， 简单来说就是公司内部自己的新旧产品之间竞争。 但这是没办法的，必须引进新产品，因为新产品才能和别的公司竞争

 

lecture:

教授说自己当教授前是一个automobile公司的总监之类的，他们公司之前有个top sell的small cars, 长得不好看但实用安全。后来别的公司的车挺时尚的，于是他公司为了竞争也产了一款新的more stylish的车。于是他公司的拥趸不买旧款买新款了。但这是必须的，因为为了come up with 其他公司，与其他公司竞争

 

NO.8

Reading: Appeasement Behavior

Animal can perform this behavior to avoid fight, and ask for peace therefore no harm can be occurred.

Listening: The professor using the example of wolf packs. He suggests wolfs are gregarious, and they share food and hunt prey together. But if a stronger one takes food from others, the angry one wants to fight. But it will lower head, flat its fur and this is an appeasement behavior and the stronger one will let it go and no harm to both.

 

 

 

NO.9

Echolocation: detect objects or position through the refection of sound.

In the lecture, the professor use bat as an example. First, it can detect location through echolocation to avoid crash on a tree. Second, it can detect the mouse to prey it.

 

NO.10

社会学理论goal displacement theory。

Reading：在组织中会出现goal displacement的情况，意即organization中      的人为了实现目标严格遵守相应的requirement和rules，最终反而影响了   goal achievement。

Listening：professor举了school的例子。对于学校来说保证education的正常进行保证教学时间是teachers的goal，因而有些老师会用一些迟到就不让 上课的rules来保证教学进行，并在平常反复强调insist，严格奉行。尽管初    衷是好的，但这一行为让迟到的学生miss entire class，反而进一步影响了教                     学时间，造成了所谓的goal displacement。

             

 

NO.11

extinction of behavior(意思是行为得不到reward就会停止，最后消失) extinction, people tend to 6 repeat their behavior when rewarded and stop when ignored. lecture-> 举了个例子说明text，妈妈带小孩儿到grocery，小孩儿一看到cookie就大哭不止，妈妈怕丢人妥协买了cookie；以后小孩儿还会这样；妈妈为了让小孩儿停止这种坏习惯，在小孩儿哭得时候，ignore him， allow him crying；以后小孩儿就不这样了。

 

 

NO.12

impact bias. the tendency that people estimate negatively about the future.

例子是教授的女儿在申请学校时只有一所学校是最想去的，

因为：1、好朋友去了那里 2、教育系统很不错 。女儿说不能去的话，life就ruin了。结果最后被rejected, 女儿当天upset了，但是之后plan summer vacation等等就忘了不能去那间学校的事情，最后去了别的学校，也没有以前想象的那么糟。

 

 

 

口语第五题：

NO.1

The girl has made a reservation at a nice restaurant on Thursday, and has invited some friends for a dinner together. But two of her friends cannot come.

 

NO.2

man的roommate要搬到in campus，所以他要找一个新室友。俩solution，一个是前室友的朋友，人不错但是有些messy。第二个是学校里贴advertisement。问你支持哪个，为啥。

 

NO.3

【学生困难】：女生所在的radio club要招新，负责招聘的同学病了，明天不能去了。
【解决方案】：女生自己说出两个方案。
方案1：女生自己去，但是明天有group meeting, 时间冲突。
方案2：她室友愿意帮忙，室友不是club member, 但她人很nice, 还喜欢talk to others, 可以招到更多人。

 

NO.4

男孩明天面试，忘拿西服。他自己说他本来想借室友的，但他室友的太big，looks sluggish。女人给建议，再买一个新的，他觉得太贵了，他平时不怎么存钱。

 

NO.5

男生因为原来的上学路线（M.H bridge名字不确定，不过不重要）在整修，需要几个月才能竣工，只能选择另外一条更远、交通更拥堵的路线。结果是他历史课已经迟到了好几回了。

解决方案及优缺点：

1. 早起

a. 能够按时到校

b. 有时晚上打工，起不来>.<

2. 把课退了下学期再上

a. 刚开学俩星期，损失不大，比较灵活

b. 喜爱这个教授;)

 

NO.6

问题：男学生要搬家需要搬家具

方案一：租卡车

评价：但是小卡车都没有了，只剩下大卡车，要花更多的钱而且没必要

方案二：用朋友的车

评价：但是要来回跑几趟，费事费力

 

NO.7

Problem:The man was supposed to go to the seaside with friends,but Mary asked him to go help her to move on a short notice because she has to move out by tomorrow. Solution 1:Find someone replace him.Pro:/ Con:It might not work at this last minute.                   

Solution 2:Cancel his appointment with his friends. Pro:/ Con:He has been planning to go for long,and later the weather will turn cold,and they can't go to the beach anymore.

 

 

NO.8

【学生困难】：男生的朋友送了他一张今天晚上演唱会的门票，演唱会有他最喜欢的band的演出，但是男生有一个history paper明天要交，时间冲突了。

【解决方案】：

1. 去演唱会，回家再写paper, 但是要熬通宵；

2. 不去演唱会，把票给别人。但是这个演唱会N年一次，错过了可能很多年以后才能听到

 

NO.9

男生有困难：明天要和同伴演戏，结果现在同伴病了"

女生建议：explain the situation to the prof.,改天演；男生不同意，reschedule到下周，下周还有另一个play要演；

男生自己有个想法：说朋友愿意带病演出（女生说真是good friend），但男生觉得不好（不人道）

 

版本二：

男生要在课堂上表演莎士比亚的喜剧，他朋友帮她淹了一个角色，但是现在她生病了，感冒。方法1）男生跟老师说明情况，推到下个礼拜，但是下周男生还有一个任务，他要演独白，他回应付不过来；2）女生即使病了还是去帮忙

 

NO.10

女生周末回家，数学书放家里了，作业没做，改天要交。男生建议1 找室友借2 开车回家拿书

 

NO.11

版本一：有个男学生Sam负责在学校放电影，然后这星期他还请到了professor来介绍电影（在电影放映前）。但是professor临时家里有急事就cancel了这个lecture。Sam自己就想了两种解决办法，一个是reschedule，但是怕好多学生临时没看到通知还是去了。另外一种是他自己准备材料讲，但是就会少了Q&A环节，因为他没办法回答学生问题。

 

版本二：这个同学要完成一个 painting，马上就due date 了啊，可是一种 particular 的color run out 了。1st solution 他可以order online。不过shipping要5天。2nd solution 他可以去一个store取，不过路很远很麻烦还要花很多时间啊，他现在很多事情的做。

 

 

NO.12

The man has got a prize for his outstanding term paper and he is going to have dinner with university president. The problem is that he does not know what to wear. He asked peers and one said he is going to wear suit. But he does not have one. He wants to but a suit but he does not have time because he is busy. He also can dress causal, usual pants, but he is not sure whether it is ok.

 

 

 

 

口语第六题：

NO.1

有两种suspicion.（1）知道如何发展，但不知道结局．例子，（没听清）两个人＃，一个人有了线索，然后结局怎么样你不知道，不到最后一刻 你永远不知道结局．（2）知道结局，但你不知道情节是怎样的．例子，一男一女　你肯定知道他们meet and fall in love 但你永远不知道他们如何遇见的，如何从路人到恋人的．

 

NO.2

fast current 的河里面的鱼遇到challenge， 第一，水流太快，无法停留在一个地方，会被水流冲下去。 catfish，有着big和muscular的fin（鱼鳍） 可以swim against水流

第二，水流太快，携带的食物无法吃到。 另一种鱼trout有一种behavior可以解决这个问题。 一般来说河流中间的水最快，但是岸边的水慢，trout就一直在岸边附近，这样就能吃到food。

 

 

NO.3

【讲课要点】： 
美国发展快，主要原因之一就是railroad的发展： 
1. 方便商品运输，举例，某钟表公司，有了铁路，可以让很多人都购买他的钟表，不仅仅是那些本地的或周围的，比较远的地方的人们也可以购买； 
2. 让公司located in new area，举例，某公司依靠煤，有跌路后他们就可以选择更好的地点而不是只在煤矿周围，因为跌路运输可以让他们得到煤。 
the effect of the expansion of rail road to the business: 
1. companies can sell products to all over the country 
2. can locate the factories on places where lack of natural resources like coal  

 

 

NO.4

小公司广告的两种途径

途径一：concentrate on a small group of people

例子:computer repair company can put ADs in local newspaper which would cost less money

途径二：joint marketing

例子: computer repair company can exchange flyers with a company selling new computers this method can expand the reach of new consumers

 

NO.5

2 mechanisms to make it hard for the predators to predict the next behavior of the animals.                

Example 1：Squid don't go straight,and the speed is unsteady,they choose to move in a zigzag pattern which makes it extremely difficult for the predators to anticipate its behavior.                    

Example 2:Squid can change into different colors,they can change from pink to blue then to white,for instance,the predators stares at something pink but all of a sudden it change into blue,it confuses the predators thus gives the squid a chance to escape.

 

NO.6

商业课：说不好的logo会损害company，举2个例：第一个例子没听懂是个干啥的公司，说什么dark color会让消费者认为该公司产品不好；第二个例子是个卖手机的公司，结果logo的产品都是过时的（可能是父母年轻时候用的），人们就不买他的手机，因为跟不上技术的发展，太落后了

 

版本二：

公司商标上给人不良印象的2个东西：1）让人联想到不好的方面。比如说牙膏广告，但是如果商标上有黑黑的颜色，那样人们就很难把这个商标跟洁净效果的牙膏联系起来，销量会下跌；2）让人联想到这个公司不够时尚。比如说电话和网络公司，如果他商标上仍然是父母辈用的电话，那么久完全没有跟上时代的感觉。

 

NO.7

土地的sault accumulation问题，

Solution 1; 弄pipe把多余的水引走，

S2; 种植resistant的crop, 这些crop对于盐有抵抗力

 

NO.8

comparative marketing  risk1 让公众知道了competitor的名字,publicity of the name 例子某某soup的广告让观众把taste better和竞争对手的名字联系起来risk2 insult consumers 例子某A香波广告说某B香波广告不好，会insult某B香波的使用者。

 

NO.9

教授说在深海中，有些鱼能通过身体的某些器官发光来躲避捕食者，有两种途径，举了两个例子：一个较D的鱼从嘴里发出光，突然找到捕食者，让它们背光刺激的无法辨识，然后乘机逃走；另一种鱼是通过身体发光，让捕食者无法看到自己的影子，而逃过被捕食。描述这两种鱼是怎样躲避捕食的。

 

NO.10

【讲课要点】：

古人要使火不灭，需要学习两方面的知识。1、technological skill：燃烧的木头可能是因为闪电引起的。一开始人不知道，后来他们发现木头其实是一种fuel，如果往火里不停加木头，火就能一直烧下去。2、social skill：大家如果都睡觉的话，火就会灭掉，学会轮班加木头，火就能一直烧下去。

The lecture is about early human how to keep fire burning. Two ways one is find the fuel first such as tree woods. Second is social work such as cooperation, because they have to take turns to look after the fire to keep it burning all the time

 

 

NO.11

说zebra 和trout两种fish怎么躲避predators的。

zebra长了个small hair 去sense 水的波动，所以predators来了它们就提前知道了，就躲。trout就是可以keep still 在水里之类的，然后可以hide（听不清

 

NO.12

There are two ways of survey method based on what you want to get from the interviewee. First is unstructured method. They are usually open-ended questions and do not look to specific information. For example, what do you want to the government do to improve our city? Second is structured method. They are usually close-ended questions and looking for specific information. For example, choose from the three to improve out city: build more bicycle trail, building more parks, planting more trees.